Internet of Things

Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical objects (or "things") embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems via the internet, without human intervention.

📦 Examples of IoT Devices:

Category	Examples
🏡 Home	Smart lights, thermostats, door locks, TVs
🧑‍⚕️ Health	Fitness bands, heart rate monitors, and insulin pumps
🚗 Vehicles	Connected cars, GPS tracking, and tire sensors
🏭 Industry	Temperature sensors, predictive maintenance
🌾 Farming	Soil moisture sensors, smart irrigation, and drones

⚙️ How Does IoT Work?

Sensors/Devices collect data (e.g., temperature, motion, location)

Data is sent via the Internet or a local network

Cloud platforms or edge devices process the data

Actions or alerts are triggered automatically

E.g., a smart fridge reminds you to buy milk

E.g., irrigation starts when the soil is too dry

📈 Why Is IoT Important?

Benefit	How It Helps
📉 Automation	Reduces human effort and error
🕒 Real-time decisions	Improves the speed and accuracy of responses
💰 Cost savings	Efficient use of resources (energy, time)
📊 Data insights	Helps in planning and optimization
🌍 Sustainability	Enables smart grids, water conservation

🔐 Challenges of IoT

Security & privacy risks (devices may be hacked)

Interoperability (devices from different brands may not sync)

Connectivity dependence

High initial setup cost in rural or remote areas

🧠 Quick Summary

IoT = Smart devices + Internet + Automation

It makes objects around you intelligent and interactive, enabling a connected lifestyle and smarter systems in homes, cities, factories, and beyond.

⚙️ How IoT Works — 4 Key Steps:

Sensors/Devices

Devices collect data (e.g., motion, temperature, heart rate)

Example: Smart thermostat senses room temperature

Connectivity

Devices send this data via the internet (Wi-Fi, 4G/5G, Bluetooth)

Example: Thermostat sends data to a cloud server

Data Processing

Data is processed by cloud systems or edge computing

Example: The Thermostat decides if the temperature needs adjustment

Action/Response

Devices act or alert users based on insights

Example: The Thermostat turns on the AC or sends a notification to your phone